Can a Woman Get Hiv From Receiving Oral

Homo immunodeficiency virus
Scanning electron micrograph of HIV-1 (in dark-green) budding from cultured lymphocyte. Multiple round bumps on prison cell surface stand for sites of assembly and budding of virions.
Virus classification
Group:	Grouping VI (ssRNA-RT)
Order:	Unassigned
Family:	Retroviridae
Subfamily:	Orthoretrovirinae
Genus:	Lentivirus
Species
Homo immunodeficiency virus one Man immunodeficiency virus 2

HIV and AIDS explained in a simple way

Percentage of adults that are infected with HIV per state at the end of 2005

 15–l% (15-50 people out of 100)

 5–xv% (v-15 people out of 100)

 one–5% (1-v people out of 100)

 0.five–i.0% (1-2 people out of 200)

 0.1–0.5% (1-v people out of thou)

 <0.1% (less than 1 person out of k)

Diagram of the immature and mature forms of HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of virus chosen a retrovirus, which infects the human immune system (the organization in the torso which is in accuse of fighting off illness). HIV may cause AIDS (a collection of diseases and symptoms) by eventually killing the white blood cells which a healthy body uses to fight off diseases.

How people become infected [alter | alter source]

It is possible that a person tin get infected with HIV if whatever body liquid with the virus gets into their body. The torso liquids that acquit HIV are blood, semen, liquid from the vagina, and breast milk. The liquids can get into the trunk through injured skin. The liquids tin also enter through the mouth, eyes, nose, vagina, anus, or penis. However, though HIV might enter the body through any of these places, when people become HIV by having sex, the virus usually enters the body through the vagina or anus.

There are some mutual ways to get HIV:

• A person with HIV tin requite a sexual partner the virus if they have unprotected sex. That means having sexual intercourse without a rubber.
• A person can get HIV if he or she uses the same needle as a person with HIV to inject drugs or get a tattoo.
• A person may become HIV if he or she is stuck past a needle that was used on a patient with HIV.
• Babies tin get the virus from their mothers when they are born or when they are breastfeeding. A babe may be protected from getting HIV this way if their mother takes certain medications while she is pregnant.
• Blood transfusions using infected blood products was a common cause of HIV. The blood had been taken from people with HIV infections. Now, in the adult world screening of blood products for HIV has mostly stopped this happening. However, people may withal become HIV from blood transfusions in less-developed countries if claret is not screened carefully.

A person cannot get infected with HIV from non-sexual touching, like a hug or handshake, or touching someone else's saliva. A person cannot get HIV from an insect bite, a cough, or a sneeze.^[1] People too cannot get HIV from touching low-cal switches, using toilets, or drinking from the same glass as a person with HIV.

Information [change | alter source]

Comparison of HIV species

Species	Virulence	Infectivity	Prevalence	Inferred origin
HIV-1	High	High	Global	Mutual Chimpanzee
HIV-2	Lower	Low	West Africa	Sooty Mangabey

Estimated per-deed take chances for conquering of HIV past exposure route ^{[2] [3] [4]}

Exposure Route [5]	Estimated infections per 10,000 exposures to an infected source [six]
Blood transfusion [Being given blood in a transfusion]	9,000 (xc%)[vii]
Mother-to-child, including pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding (without treatment) [Mother giving her child or unborn child HIV, if she does not take medications to prevent giving the child HIV]	ii,500 (25%)[viii]
Mother-to-child, including pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding (with optimal treatment) [Mother giving her child or unborn child HIV, if she takes the best possible medications to foreclose giving the child HIV]	100–200 (ane%–2%)[8]
Needle-sharing injection drug utilize [People sharing the aforementioned needle to inject illegal drugs]	67 (0.67%)[nine]
Percutaneous needle stick [Getting stuck by a needle used on a person with HIV - for example, in healthcare]	30 (0.30%)[x]
Receptive anal intercourse (2009 and 2010 studies) [Receiving anal sexual activity]	170 (1.7%)‡ [thirty–890][11] / 143 [48–285][4]
Receptive anal intercourse (based on data of a 1992 study) [Receiving anal sex]	fifty (0.five%)[12] [thirteen]
Insertive anal intercourse for uncircumcised men (2010 report) [An uncircumsized man giving anal sex]	62 (0.62%)a [7–168][4]
Insertive anal intercourse for circumcised men (2010 report) [A circumsized man giving anal sex]	eleven (0.11%)a [2–24][iv]
Insertive anal intercourse (based on information of a 1992 written report) [Giving anal sex]	6.5 (0.065%)[12] [13]
Low-income country female person-to-male [A woman giving a man HIV through sexual activity; rate is for low-income countries]	38 (0.38%)‡ [13–110][11]
Low-income country male person-to-female [A man giving a woman HIV through sexual action; rate is for low-income countries]	thirty (0.3%)‡ [14–63][11]
Receptive (female) penile-vaginal intercourse [A adult female receiving sexual intercourse from a human being]	10 (0.1%)[12] [13] [14]
Insertive (male) penile-vaginal intercourse [A homo giving sexual intercourse to a woman]	five (0.05%)[12] [13]
Fellating a man [Performing oral sexual activity on a man]	1 (0.01%)† b [13]
Man existence fellated [A man receiving oral sex]	0.5 (0.005%)† b [13]

^a Other studies constitute bereft prove that male circumcision protects against HIV infection amongst men who have sex with men^{[15] [16]}

^b Oral trauma, sores, inflammation, concomitant sexually transmitted infections, ejaculation in the mouth, and systemic immune suppression may increase HIV transmission rate.^[17]

^† "all-time-guess estimate"

^‡ Pooled transmission probability gauge.

Bracketed values represent 95% confidence interval.

Treatment [change | alter source]

Drug treatment [alter | alter source]

HIV causes a person to go more prone to disease, so infected people demand treatment options. However, at that place is no cure for HIV. To assistance ease negative symptoms, drugs chosen anti-retroviral therapy (Fine art) are available. This treatment is also chosen high active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). HAART treatment begins with i non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).^[18] The NRTI drug could be named zidovudine (AZT), tenofovir (TDF), andlamivudine (3TC), or emtricitabine (FTC).^[xix]

These drugs wearisome the progression of the HIV virus in the body.^[nineteen] Usually, these treatments consist of a combination of three or more drugs, and each drug performs a dissimilar job in fighting the virus. In general, HAART prevents the HIV from multiplying and destroying CD4 cells. CD4 cells are necessary to aid protect the body from infections and cancer.^[20] Since the HIV virus destroys CD4 cells, information technology causes people with HIV to be more decumbent to affliction.

It is recommended to first HAART if a person has HIV and has a CD4 cell count of less than or equal to 350 cells/mm3. This number tin be determined by a doctor.^[nineteen] A person'southward historic period, sexual practice, and other infections determine which treatment he or she should accept.^[nineteen] These medication regimens can help HIV-infected people live longer, healthier lives, and can also aid foreclose the HIV from advancing to AIDS.^[21]

Symptoms of acute HIV infection

General treatment [change | change source]

In that location has been controversy surrounding when the correct fourth dimension to beginning therapy should exist later on a person discovers that he or she has HIV. Recently, the answer has been that earlier treatment is recommended.^[22] This is because, first, constructive therapy tin prevent non-AIDS-related deaths. 2d, therapy tin prevent damage to a person's immune system. 3rd, therapy can help forbid transmission of HIV to others, and can therefore reduce HIV prevalence overall.^[22] Although there are some negative side effects of antiretroviral medications, the benefits of therapy normally outweigh the negative effects.

Effects of therapy [change | modify source]

Patients on HAART have reported significant improvements in concrete health, emotional wellness, mental health, and daily office compared to HIV-positive patients not yet on handling.^[23] Most research has occurred in developing countries, and little enquiry has been washed on the impacts of Fine art on household wellbeing.^[23]

Although HAART can be an effective means to treating HIV, there can be many negative side effects. Negative side furnishings can vary by drug, by ethnicity, and by drug interactions in the body. The following list contains the about common and serious negative side effects associated with HAART medications to treat HIV.^[24]

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

• Lactic acidosis, hepatic steatosis, and body fat redistribution (lipodystrophy)
• Fever, headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue

Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)

• Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis
• Fatigue, mood changes, liver function, insomnia
• May have significant interactions with other drugs; dosage adjustments would be required

Protease Inhibitors (PIs)

• Metabolic abnormalities including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and lipodystrophy
• May increment risk of bleeding in hemophiliacs
• Rash, diarrhea, airsickness, taste perversion, fatigue
• May have meaning interactions with other drugs; dosage adjustment would be required

Fusion Inhibitors

• Injection site reactions, neutropenia, increased frequency of pneumonia

Chemokine Coreceptor Antagonists

• Diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, headache, liver function, joint hurting

Integrase Inhibitors

• Nausea, diarrhea, headache, rash

Pharmacokinetic Enhancers

• Increased serum creatinine, proteinuria, nausea, diarrhea ^[24]

Alternative therapy [alter | modify source]

Many people living with HIV accept tried using alternative treatment methods, known as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Some types of CAM include stress management, natural wellness products, massage/therapeutic touch, acupuncture, and homeopathy.^[25] Stress management can increase quality of life for a person with HIV.^[25] Even with little evidence of its effectiveness, many people chose to endeavour CAM because of the many negative side effects associated with HAART and the few negative side effects associated with CAM. Some HIV-infected people also try herbal medicines to treat HIV, but at that place has been no evidence showing whatever positive outcomes with the utilise of herbal remedies.^[26]

Another type of alternative therapy for treating HIV is micronutrient supplementation. Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals, so these supplements would be in the course of a general daily multivitamin. These supplements have been proven to help care for HIV because HIV tin can cause micronutrient deficiencies, so the supplements can help replenish these needed vitamins and minerals. Although the supplements may non aid ease all negative symptoms, they offer some benefits and are safe for HIV-infected patients.^[26] Supplements are also condom for HIV-infected significant women and their children. Specifically, vitamin A and zinc have shown positive health effects.^[26] There are no major negative side effects of vitamin and mineral supplements.^[27]

Alternative therapies tin can help to reduce symptoms of diseases similar HIV, but exercise not cure the disease, or end the affliction from spreading to other people.

PREP [change | change source]

"PREP" or "PrEP" is pre-exposure prophylaxis. This ways a person takes a drug before having risky sex. The drug 'Truvada' is a combination of two different anti-viral treatments: tenofovir and emtricitabine.^[28] Truvada is very expensive, and non available on the U.k.'s National Health Service.

References [change | alter source]

1. ↑ "Can I get AIDS from...?". Retrieved 2010-06-26 .
2. ↑ Means the risk of getting HIV for a single sexual act.
3. ↑ Smith DK, Grohskopf LA, Blackness RJ; et al. (January 2005). "Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis later on sexual, injection-drug use, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the United States: recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Homo Services". MMWR Recomm Rep. 54 (RR–2): 1–twenty. PMID 15660015. Retrieved 2009-03-31 . {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
4. ↑ ^{iv.0 4.1 4.2 four.3} Jin F; et al. (March 2010). "Per-contact probability of HIV transmission in homosexual men in Sydney in the era of HAART". AIDS. 24 (six): 907–913. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283372d90. PMC2852627. PMID 20139750.
5. ↑ Which sexual deed was caused the infection
6. ↑ This ways, in upshot, the chance of getting the virus from one sex human action of each kind. Data from various samples are adjusted to 10,000 cases so they can be compared.
7. ↑ Donegan E, Stuart K, Niland JC,; et al. (1990). "Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type i (HIV-1) among recipients of antibody-positive blood donations". Ann. Intern. Med. 113 (ten): 733–739. PMID 2240875. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors listing (link)
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.ane} Coovadia H (2004). "Antiretroviral agents—how best to protect infants from HIV and save their mothers from AIDS". N. Engl. J. Med. 351 (3): 289–292. doi:x.1056/NEJMe048128. PMID 15247337.
9. ↑ Kaplan EH, Heimer R (1995). "HIV incidence amid New Haven needle exchange participants: updated estimates from syringe tracking and testing data". J. Acquir. Allowed Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 10 (2): 175–176. PMID 7552482.
10. ↑ Bong DM (1997). "Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in healthcare workers: an overview". Am. J. Med. 102 (5B): nine–15. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(97)89441-7. PMID 9845490.
11. ↑ ^{11.0 11.1 eleven.2} Boily MC, Baggaley RF, Wang L, Masse B, White RG, Hayes RJ, Alary M (Feb 2009). "Heterosexual hazard of HIV-i infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-assay of observational studies". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 9 (2): 118–129. doi:ten.1016/S1473-3099(09)70021-0. PMID 19179227. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.i 12.2 12.three} European Written report Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV (1992). "Comparing of female person to male person and male to female transmission of HIV in 563 stable couples. European Study Group on Heterosexual Manual of HIV". BMJ. 304 (6830): 809–813. doi:x.1136/bmj.304.6830.809. PMC1881672. PMID 1392708.
13. ↑ ^{13.0 13.1 13.2 xiii.three 13.4 thirteen.v} Varghese B, Maher JE, Peterman TA, Branson BM,Steketee RW (2002). "Reducing the risk of sexual HIV manual: quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the ground of choice of partner, sex act, and rubber employ". Sex activity. Transm. Dis. 29 (1): 38–43. doi:x.1097/00007435-200201000-00007. PMID 11773877. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
14. ↑ Leynaert B, Downs AM, de Vincenzi I (1998). "Heterosexual transmission of human being immunodeficiency virus: variability of infectivity throughout the form of infection. European Study Group on Heterosexual Transmission of HIV". Am. J. Epidemiol. 148 (i): 88–96. PMID 9663408. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
15. ↑ Millett GA, Flores SA, Marks G, Reed JB, Herbst JH (October 2009). "Circumcision status and run a risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis". The Journal of American Medical Clan. 300 (fourteen): 1674–1684. doi:x.1001/jama.300.fourteen.1674. PMID 18840841. Retrieved 2010-04-11 . {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
16. ↑ Correction nearly the values although "the pattern of nonsignificant findings remains consistent with the originally published article"[1] Archived 2007-05-15 at the Wayback Machine
17. ↑ "Public Health Agency of Canada". Phac-aspc.gc.ca. 2004-12-01. Archived from the original on 2012-06-23. Retrieved 2010-07-28 .
18. ↑ "Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach" (PDF). Globe Health Organization: 1–145. 2010.
19. ↑ ^{19.0 19.1 xix.2 19.iii} "Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health arroyo" (PDF). World Wellness Organization: one–145. 2010.
20. ↑ "HIV and Its Treatment" (PDF). U.S. Department of Wellness and Human being Services. 2012.
21. ↑ "HIV and its treatment" (PDF). U.S. Department of Wellness and Man Services. 2012.
22. ↑ ^{22.0 22.1} Jain Five, Deeks SG. (2010). "When to start antiretroviral therapy". Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 7 (ii): 60–68. doi:ten.1007/s11904-010-0044-6.
23. ↑ ^{23.0 23.1} Beard J, Feeley F, and Rosen S (2009). "Economic and quality of life outcomes of antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS in developing countries: a systematic literature review". AIDS Care. 21 (xi): 1343–1356. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors listing (link)
24. ↑ ^{24.0 24.1} McNicholl I. (2012). "Adverse Events of Antiretroviral Drugs". University of California San Francisco. Archived from the original on 2020-ten-31. Retrieved 2013-04-02 .
25. ↑ ^{25.0 25.ane} Mills P, Wu P, Ernst E. (2005). "Complementary therapies for the treatment of HIV: in search of the testify". Int. J of STD and AIDS. sixteen (6): 395–403. doi:10.1258/0956462054093962. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
26. ↑ ^{26.0 26.1 26.2} Liu JP, Manheimer Due east, Yang M. (2005). "Herbal medicines for treating HIV infection and AIDS". Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 3. doi:x.1002/14651858.CD003937.pub2. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
27. ↑ Irlam JH, Visser MM, Rollins NN, Siegfried N. (2010). "Micronutrient supplementation in children and adults with HIV infection". Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 12. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003650.pub3. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors listing (link)
28. ↑ PrEP: PK modeling of daily TDF/FTC (Truvada) provides close to 100% protection against HIV nfection. TheBodyPRO.com. PrEP: PK Modeling of Daily TDF/FTC (Truvada) Provides Close to 100% Protection Against HIV Infection - TheBodyPRO.com Archived 2015-01-15 at the Wayback Machine

Other websites [alter | change source]

• AIDS-HIV Resources and guidelines for prevention
• Production for babies This article provides basic information near child products in a way that is easy to sympathise. This site too has an article that provides All-time babies products reviews.
• AIDS Pedagogy Global Information System (Aegis)

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Source: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV

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